{ "id": 52804, "date": "2023-02-09T15:31:51", "date_gmt": "2023-02-09T14:31:51", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/?p=52804" }, "modified": "2025-10-17T17:02:58", "modified_gmt": "2025-10-17T15:02:58", "slug": "ethique-et-performance-le-cas-du-developpement-de-chatgpt", "status": "publish", "type": "post", "link": "https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/en_gb\/2023\/02\/09\/ethique-et-performance-le-cas-du-developpement-de-chatgpt\/", "title": { "rendered": "\u00c9thique et performance : le cas du d\u00e9veloppement de ChatGPT" }, "content": { "rendered": "[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text content_phone=”

Emma\u00fcs Connect becomes a member of the Social Good Accelerator!<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>” content_last_edited=”off|desktop” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

\u00c9thique et performance : le cas du d\u00e9veloppement de ChatGPT<\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#2B2A5C” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Texte” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”|15px||15px|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ use_border_color=”off” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ text_text_color=”#FFFFFF”]

ChatGPT n\u2019est pas seulement une r\u00e9volution technologique : c\u2019est aussi un cas d\u2019\u00e9cole en mati\u00e8re de responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises<\/strong>.
Con\u00e7u \u00e0 l\u2019origine comme un contre-mod\u00e8le aux GAFAM<\/strong> au sein d\u2019une organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif, OpenAI<\/strong>, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019origine de ChatGPT, a progressivement bascul\u00e9 vers un mod\u00e8le capitaliste.<\/p>\n

L\u2019affaire r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e par le magazine Time<\/em><\/a><\/strong> sur les conditions de travail des sous-traitants kenyans<\/strong> \u2014 employ\u00e9s par Samasource, une ancienne ONG devenue entreprise \u00e0 but lucratif \u2014 a mis en lumi\u00e8re les paradoxes du mod\u00e8le.
Ces r\u00e9v\u00e9lations posent une question de fond : les statuts \u201cnon lucratifs\u201d servent-ils aujourd\u2019hui de tremplin \u00e0 des entreprises technologiques motiv\u00e9es par le profit plut\u00f4t que par l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ?<\/strong>
Retour sur un cas embl\u00e9matique et les interrogations qu\u2019il soul\u00e8ve.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Bien que le secteur \u00e0 but non lucratif se structure traditionnellement autour de valeurs de gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique, de transparence et d\u2019\u00e9thique<\/strong>, certaines situations viennent interroger cette \u00e9thique de solidarit\u00e9.
Comme toute entreprise, les organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des pressions \u00e9conomiques<\/strong> : baisse de revenus, difficult\u00e9s de tr\u00e9sorerie, plans sociaux\u2026
Ces contraintes les obligent parfois \u00e0 faire coexister \u00e9thique et performance<\/strong>, au risque que la recherche d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 supplante progressivement la mission d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/strong>.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/future-gefa51f7bb_1920-1024×576.png” title_text=”future-gefa51f7bb_1920″ _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” width=”51%” min_height=”42.2px” custom_margin=”33px||-11px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”330.3px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

<\/span>L\u2019\u00e9volution d\u2019OpenAI : du mod\u00e8le non lucratif au statut \u00e0 but lucratif limit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Fond\u00e9e en 2015 par Elon Musk et Sam Altman<\/strong>, OpenAI<\/strong> na\u00eet comme une organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif<\/strong>.
Son ambition initiale : d\u00e9velopper une intelligence artificielle au service du bien commun<\/strong><\/a>, en opposition aux mod\u00e8les de captation de donn\u00e9es des g\u00e9ants du num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n

Mais en 2019<\/strong>, un an apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part d\u2019Elon Musk, la structure change de statut pour devenir une \u201climited-profit company\u201d<\/strong>, un mod\u00e8le hybride am\u00e9ricain permettant d\u2019accueillir des capitaux priv\u00e9s tout en plafonnant la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration des investisseurs<\/strong>.
Malgr\u00e9 cette \u00e9volution, OpenAI continue d\u2019affirmer que sa mission est de \u00ab d\u00e9velopper une intelligence artificielle pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de toute l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/a> <\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la publication de l\u2019enqu\u00eate du Time<\/em> en janvier 2023<\/a><\/strong>, l\u2019entreprise cultivait une image d\u2019\u00e9thique et de transparence<\/strong> fid\u00e8le \u00e0 ses origines.
Mais l\u2019enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le que pour r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes de toxicit\u00e9 linguistique<\/strong> dans ses mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA, OpenAI a eu recours \u00e0 un prestataire bas\u00e9 au Kenya<\/strong>, o\u00f9 des travailleurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des contenus violents et haineux pour un salaire d\u00e9risoire.<\/p>\n

Dans sa r\u00e9ponse officielle, la direction d\u2019OpenAI<\/a><\/strong> affirme ne pas avoir eu connaissance<\/strong> des conditions de travail de ce sous-traitant.
Cependant, l\u2019affaire a profond\u00e9ment \u00e9corn\u00e9 son image de pionnier \u00e9thique de l\u2019intelligence artificielle.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”6px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”411.3px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

<\/span>De fortes pressions dans un secteur ultra-comp\u00e9titif<\/h2>\n

Ce scandale r\u00e9v\u00e8le le paradoxe entre comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et \u00e9thique<\/strong> dans le secteur de l\u2019intelligence artificielle.
Pour rester dans la course face aux GAFAM<\/strong>, OpenAI s\u2019est heurt\u00e9e aux limites de ses engagements moraux<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n

Le prestataire mis en cause travaille d\u2019ailleurs pour la plupart des concurrents directs d\u2019OpenAI<\/strong>, en raison de tarifs extr\u00eamement comp\u00e9titifs.
Les g\u00e9ants comme Google, Meta ou Microsoft<\/strong> ont eux aussi recours \u00e0 ces sous-traitants charg\u00e9s de filtrer les donn\u00e9es violentes ou haineuses<\/strong>, dans le cadre de l\u2019entra\u00eenement de leurs mod\u00e8les.<\/p>\n

OpenAI n\u2019a donc pas invent\u00e9 cette pratique : elle l\u2019a reproduite pour survivre dans une industrie domin\u00e9e par la logique de vitesse et de performance.<\/strong>
Son \u00e9volution \u2013 du statut juridique \u00e0 la recherche de fonds \u2013 l\u2019a rendue de plus en plus semblable \u00e0 ses concurrents<\/strong>, y compris dans ses m\u00e9thodes.<\/p>\n

La principale critique adress\u00e9e \u00e0 OpenAI tient \u00e0 l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence entre son discours et ses pratiques<\/strong>.
L\u2019entreprise s\u2019\u00e9tait impos\u00e9e mondialement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un positionnement moral fort. Lorsque la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de son fonctionnement a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9voil\u00e9e, une partie du public s\u2019est sentie trahie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mais il serait injuste de g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser ce cas \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du secteur non lucratif ou \u00e0 celui de l\u2019IA.
Le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019intelligence artificielle reste une opportunit\u00e9 majeure pour la Social Tech<\/strong>, qui pourra s\u2019appuyer sur ces outils pour produire des innovations \u00e9thiques, responsables et utiles au bien commun.<\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|auto|-22px|auto||” custom_padding=”6px||21px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”95.3px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

<\/span>Quelle est la position de ChatGPT lui-m\u00eame ?<\/h2>\n

Pour clore l\u2019analyse, ChatGPT a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9 sur le dilemme \u00e9thique auquel ses cr\u00e9ateurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s : productivit\u00e9 ou \u00e9thique ?<\/strong>
Sa r\u00e9ponse est sans \u00e9quivoque :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les entreprises qui se revendiquent d\u2019un mod\u00e8le \u00e9thique ou \u00e0 but non lucratif ont une responsabilit\u00e9 envers le public et le reste du secteur. La transparence et la redevabilit\u00e9 sont des conditions essentielles de la confiance. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Une position lucide, bien \u00e9loign\u00e9e des ambitions financi\u00e8res actuelles d\u2019OpenAI, qui pr\u00e9voit d\u00e9sormais d\u2019atteindre 1 milliard de dollars de revenus<\/strong> d\u2019ici 2024 \u2014 un objectif qui s\u2019\u00e9loigne sensiblement de son intention initiale : cr\u00e9er une intelligence artificielle au service de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Capture-decran-2023-02-09-164623.png” title_text=”Capture d\u2019\u00e9cran 2023-02-09 164623″ _builder_version=”4.19.1″ _module_preset=”default” width=”68%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]", "protected": false }, "excerpt": { "rendered": "

ChatGPT is not only a technological revolution, it is also a case study in corporate social responsibility. Developed as a counter-model to GAFAM with a non-profit organisation, OpenAI, the company that produces Chat GPT, eventually branched out into a capitalist model.<\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 1, "featured_media": 52810, "comment_status": "closed", "ping_status": "closed", "sticky": false, "template": "", "format": "standard", "meta": { "_et_pb_use_builder": "on", "_et_pb_old_content": "", "_et_gb_content_width": "", "jetpack_post_was_ever_published": false, "_jetpack_newsletter_access": "", "_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs": false, "_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id": 0, "_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content": false, "_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content": false, "footnotes": "" }, "categories": [ 405, 77 ], "tags": [ 379, 373, 388 ], "class_list": [ "post-52804", "post", "type-post", "status-publish", "format-standard", "has-post-thumbnail", "hentry", "category-communs-et-plaidoyer", "category-editorial", "tag-ia-et-competences", "tag-plaidoyer", 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