{
    "id": 48028,
    "date": "2021-03-23T11:06:17",
    "date_gmt": "2021-03-23T10:06:17",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "http:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/?p=48028"
    },
    "modified": "2026-02-24T16:08:39",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-02-24T15:08:39",
    "slug": "dsa-dma-regulation-big-tech",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "post",
    "link": "https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/en_gb\/2021\/03\/23\/dsa-dma-regulation-big-tech\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "DSA et DMA : l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne peut-elle vraiment r\u00e9guler les Big Tech ?"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;DSA et DMA : l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne peut-elle vraiment r\u00e9guler les Big Tech ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"264\"><em data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"264\">Mars 2021 \u2013 Par Arnaud Castaignet<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"414\">En d\u00e9cembre 2020, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 deux textes majeurs : le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/eclairage\/285115-dsa-le-reglement-sur-les-services-numeriques-ou-digital-services-act\"><strong data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"375\">Digital Services Act (DSA)<\/strong><\/a> et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/eclairage\/284907-dma-le-reglement-sur-les-marches-numeriques-ou-digital-markets-act\"><strong data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"411\">Digital Markets Act (DMA)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"620\">Ces propositions l\u00e9gislatives visent \u00e0 r\u00e9guler les plateformes num\u00e9riques et \u00e0 clarifier leurs responsabilit\u00e9s, notamment en mati\u00e8re de mod\u00e9ration des contenus et de fonctionnement des march\u00e9s num\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"806\">Ces textes sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme urgents, dans un contexte o\u00f9 des entreprises comme Google, Facebook, Amazon ou Apple concentrent un pouvoir \u00e9conomique et informationnel sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Un contexte politique favorable \u00e0 une r\u00e9gulation renforc\u00e9e&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"1019\">Le d\u00e9bat s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la suspension des comptes du pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump par Twitter, Facebook, Instagram ou Snapchat.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1130\">Sans d\u00e9fendre les propos de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident, plusieurs responsables europ\u00e9ens ont exprim\u00e9 leurs r\u00e9serves :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1287\">\n<li data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1191\">\n<p data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1191\">Angela Merkel a jug\u00e9 cette d\u00e9cision \u00ab probl\u00e9matique \u00bb ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1287\">\n<p data-start=\"1194\" data-end=\"1287\">Thierry Breton, commissaire europ\u00e9en au March\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, l\u2019a qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab d\u00e9concertante \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1480\">Pour l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, la r\u00e9gulation de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression ne peut reposer uniquement sur des r\u00e8gles internes d\u2019entreprises priv\u00e9es. Elle doit \u00eatre encadr\u00e9e par des lois d\u00e9mocratiques.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;DSA : r\u00e9guler les processus, pas les contenus&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1592\">Le <strong data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1568\">Digital Services Act<\/strong> vise principalement \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1930\">\n<li data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1667\">\n<p data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1667\">harmoniser les r\u00e8gles applicables aux services num\u00e9riques dans l\u2019UE ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1668\" data-end=\"1727\">\n<p data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1727\">renforcer la transparence des d\u00e9cisions de mod\u00e9ration ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1799\">\n<p data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1799\">clarifier les proc\u00e9dures de signalement et de retrait de contenus ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1800\" data-end=\"1840\">\n<p data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1840\">garantir des m\u00e9canismes de recours ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1841\" data-end=\"1930\">\n<p data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1930\">imposer des obligations de transparence en mati\u00e8re de publicit\u00e9 et d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"2035\">L\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas de r\u00e9guler la parole elle-m\u00eame, mais le <strong data-start=\"1993\" data-end=\"2034\">processus de d\u00e9cision des plateformes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2161\">Les entreprises qui ne respecteraient pas ces obligations pourraient s\u2019exposer \u00e0 des amendes de plusieurs milliards d\u2019euros.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;DMA : encadrer les \u201cgatekeepers\u201d&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"2209\" data-end=\"2317\">Le <strong data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2235\">Digital Markets Act<\/strong> cible sp\u00e9cifiquement les plateformes dites \u00ab contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00bb (gatekeepers).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2319\" data-end=\"2357\">Un gatekeeper est une entreprise qui :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2359\" data-end=\"2836\">\n<li data-start=\"2359\" data-end=\"2418\">\n<p data-start=\"2361\" data-end=\"2418\">exerce une activit\u00e9 dans au moins trois \u00c9tats membres ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2419\" data-end=\"2551\">\n<p data-start=\"2421\" data-end=\"2551\">op\u00e8re dans l\u2019un des huit services num\u00e9riques essentiels (moteurs de recherche, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, publicit\u00e9, marketplaces, etc.) ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2552\" data-end=\"2682\">\n<p data-start=\"2554\" data-end=\"2682\">r\u00e9alise un chiffre d\u2019affaires annuel sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 6,5 milliards d\u2019euros ou une capitalisation de plus de 65 milliards d\u2019euros ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2683\" data-end=\"2791\">\n<p data-start=\"2685\" data-end=\"2791\">compte plus de 45 millions d\u2019utilisateurs finaux mensuels et 10 000 utilisateurs professionnels par an ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2792\" data-end=\"2836\">\n<p data-start=\"2794\" data-end=\"2836\">occupe une position durable sur le march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"2893\">Ces crit\u00e8res visent clairement les g\u00e9ants du num\u00e9rique.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||15px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Un \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9licat : r\u00e9guler sans \u00e9touffer l\u2019innovation&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"3652\" data-end=\"3768\">Le DMA cible uniquement les acteurs les plus massifs afin de ne pas surcharger les PME et les start-ups europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3770\" data-end=\"3790\">L\u2019enjeu est double :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3843\">R\u00e9duire l\u2019accumulation de pouvoir \u00e9conomique ;<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3847\" data-end=\"3919\">Favoriser une concurrence plus \u00e9quitable sur le march\u00e9 unique num\u00e9rique.<\/li>\n<\/ol>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Un tournant pour la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique europ\u00e9enne&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4098\">Les DSA et DMA constituent une \u00e9tape majeure dans la construction d\u2019une <strong data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4097\">souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique europ\u00e9enne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4100\" data-end=\"4114\">Ils visent \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4116\" data-end=\"4308\">\n<li data-start=\"4116\" data-end=\"4154\">\n<p data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4154\">prot\u00e9ger les droits fondamentaux ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4155\" data-end=\"4220\">\n<p data-start=\"4157\" data-end=\"4220\">garantir la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression dans un cadre d\u00e9mocratique ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4265\">\n<p data-start=\"4223\" data-end=\"4265\">limiter les abus de position dominante ;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4308\">\n<p data-start=\"4268\" data-end=\"4308\">soutenir l\u2019innovation et la concurrence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4310\" data-end=\"4479\">Reste \u00e0 savoir si ces instruments permettront r\u00e9ellement de transformer le fonctionnement de l\u2019Internet mondial et de r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrer le rapport de force face aux Big Tech.<\/p>\n<ol><\/ol>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Conclusion : vers un Internet plus d\u00e9mocratique ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"4544\" data-end=\"4682\">Avant de construire un Internet centr\u00e9 sur les citoyens, il est n\u00e9cessaire de r\u00e9guler la domination excessive de quelques acteurs globaux.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4848\">Les propositions de DSA et DMA s\u2019inscrivent dans cette ambition :<br data-start=\"4749\" data-end=\"4752\" \/><strong data-start=\"4752\" data-end=\"4848\">prot\u00e9ger les consommateurs europ\u00e9ens et pr\u00e9server les droits fondamentaux \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique.<\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-body-color&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-body-color%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p data-start=\"4544\" data-end=\"4682\">A lire aussi : <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/fr\/2025\/06\/27\/internet-ethique-et-souverainete-numerique-en-europe\/\">Internet \u00e9thique et souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique en Europe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-heading-color&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-2px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px||4px|||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-heading-color%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;FAQ \u2014 DSA, DMA et r\u00e9gulation des plateformes&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|30px|30px|30px|30px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre le DSA et le DMA ?&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Le DSA r\u00e9gule les obligations des plateformes en mati\u00e8re de contenus et de transparence.<br data-start=\"5055\" data-end=\"5058\" \/>Le DMA encadre le comportement \u00e9conomique des grandes plateformes dominantes.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un \u201cgatekeeper\u201d ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<p>Une plateforme num\u00e9rique dominante qui joue un r\u00f4le d\u2019interm\u00e9diaire incontournable entre entreprises et utilisateurs.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Le DSA r\u00e9gule-t-il la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<p>Non. Il r\u00e9gule les processus de mod\u00e9ration, pas les contenus eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Quelles sanctions sont pr\u00e9vues ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<p>Des amendes pouvant atteindre plusieurs milliards d\u2019euros, voire des mesures structurelles.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Pourquoi ces textes sont-ils importants pour l\u2019Europe ?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<p>Ils renforcent la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique europ\u00e9enne et visent \u00e0 r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrer le march\u00e9 num\u00e9rique face aux Big Tech.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]",
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        "rendered": "<p>Mars 2021 \u2013 Par Arnaud Castaignet En d\u00e9cembre 2020, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 deux textes majeurs : le Digital Services Act (DSA) et le Digital Markets Act (DMA). Ces [&hellip;]<\/p>",
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        "_et_pb_old_content": "In December 2020, the European Commission presented the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA). Both are aimed at regulating digital platforms and clarifying the policing responsibilities. These new pieces of legislation are billed as urgent pieces of regulation, mostly because of concerns that the likes of Google and Facebook have become too powerful. <br \/><br \/>Last week, Margrethe Vestager, the executive vice-president of the EU and competition commissioner, even quoted David Bowie when she urged MEPs to speed up adoption of the legislation, saying \u201cso now\u2019s the moment when you can be heroes\u201d. The European official has said she hopes an agreement between the European Parliament, member states and the European Commission can be reached by \u201cspring 2022\u201d.<br \/>The DMA focuses on gatekeepers\u2019 behaviours and their impact on market dynamics, while the DSA seeks to consolidate various separate pieces of EU legislation and self-regulatory practices that address online illegal or \u2018harmful\u2019 content and to harmonise the rules applicable to the provision of digital services across the EU.<br \/><br \/>The context in which the two texts are now being discussed is highly favourable to a tough position for the EU against platforms. The suspension of the social media accounts of former U.S. President Donald Trump by Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and others this winter sparked a lot of controversy in Europe. Without defending Donald Trump\u2019s quotes, German Chancellor Angela Merkel considered the move \"problematic.\" The EU Commissioner for the internal market, Thierry Breton, found it \u201cperplexing\u201d that Twitter\u2019s CEO Jack Dorsey could simply pull the plug on POTUS\u2019s loudspeaker \u201cwithout any checks and balances.\u201d. From a European point of view, governments and institutions should regulate, not the company themselves without any legal framework but their internal rules. Governments and institutions ensure the freedom of expression, and set boundaries such as hate speech and incitement to violence, and companies must comply to laws.<br \/><img src=\"http:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/116381022_twittertrump-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48031 aligncenter\" width=\"545\" height=\"512\" \/><br \/>Paradoxically, for some time now, European politicians have been trying to convince online platforms to \u201cdo more\u201d to police the content of their users. National laws such as the German NetzDG, the Austrian KoPlG and the unconstitutional French Avia bill all require more effective moderation of online spaces, including more and faster removals. But \u201conline gatekeepers\u201d making arbitrary decisions about speech they allow online remains an issue.<br \/>The key here is that the DSA aims to regulate the process and not to regulate the speech. The idea is to strengthen due process, clarify notice and take down procedures, improve transparency of the decision making and ensure redress mechanism for removal or blocking decisions. Platforms would face the prospect of billions of euros in fines unless they abide by new rules across fields including advertising transparency, illegal content removal, and data access.<br \/><br \/>The DMA is the other key legislation that the Commission wants to implement to tackle the complex challenges facing the EU Digital Single Market, and improve the gatekeepers\u2019 behaviour. While the Commission has not named any companies, it has proposed criteria that are sure to catch Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft and SAP, among others. In the DMA, it defines a gatekeeper as a platform that operates in one (or more) of the digital world\u2019s eight core services (including search, social networking, advertising and marketplaces) in at least three EU countries and: <br \/><ul><li>Has a significant impact on the internal market (defined quantitatively as an annual turnover of \u20ac6.5 billion or a market capitalisation of \u20ac65 billion);<\/li><li>Serves as an important gateway for business users to reach end-users (user base larger than 45 million monthly end-users and 10,000 business users yearly);<\/li><li>Enjoys an entrenched and durable position or is likely to continue to enjoy such a position (meets the first and second criteria over three consecutive years).<\/li><\/ul><br \/>A platform that meets these quantitative thresholds is labelled a gatekeeper. The Commission would also be empowered to alter the thresholds as technologies change, and to conduct market investigations to look for new gatekeepers.<br \/><br \/>Consequently, the DMA only targets the truly massive corporations. This way, companies and potential competitors to the Big Tech companies are not burdened with undue regulation. Basically, the DMA would list \u201cDo\u2019s\u201d and \u201cDon'ts\u201d for big tech companies.<br \/>For instance, no self-preferencing: a prohibition on ranking their own products over others; <br \/>Data portability: an obligation to facilitate the portability of continuous and real-time data; <br \/>No \u2018spying\u2019: a prohibition on gatekeepers on using the data of their business users to compete with them; <br \/>Interoperability of ancillary services: an obligation to allow third-party ancillary service providers (eg payment providers) to run on their platforms; <br \/>Open software: an obligation to permit third-party app stores and software to operate on their OS.<br \/><br \/>The DMA states that the European Commission alone will be responsible for enforcement, meaning they would investigate any alleged violations and hand out penalties to any gatekeepers that violate the DMA\u2019s new rules. Sanctions could go from fines, to periodic penalty payments, additional penalties, including potential \u201cstructural remedies\u201d.<br \/><br \/>Time will tell if the DSA and the DMA manage to change the way the Internet operates and tackle the accumulation of power in the hands of a few companies that happened in the last decade. In any case, before we can create an internet that puts people first, it is important to regulate the domination of a few and support competition. The proposals for a Digital Services Act and a Digital Markets Act are therefore meant to protect Europeans as consumers if technology poses a risk to fundamental rights.<br \/><br \/><span><img src=\"http:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-47665 alignleft\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3.png 1400w, https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/socialgoodaccelerator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-3-1080x1080.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" width=\"146\" height=\"146\" \/><br \/><br \/><strong>Author<\/strong><br \/>Arnaud Castaignet, Tech European expert and Administrator of SOGA EU<br \/>Tallinn, Estonia<br \/>March 2021<\/span>",
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